Affinity laws Totally Explained

Everything about The Affinity Laws totally explained

The affinity laws are used in hydraulics and HVAC to express the relationship between several variables involved in pump or fan performance (such as head, volumetric flow rate, shaft speed, and power). They apply to pumps, fans, and hydraulic turbines. In these various rotary implements, the Affinity Laws apply both to centrifugal and axial flows. Law 1. With impeller diameter (D) held constant: Law 1a. Flow is proportional to shaft speed:

where

$Q$ is the volumetric flow rate (for example CFM or GPM),
$D$ is the impeller diameter (for example in),
$N$ is the shaft rotational speed (for example rpm),
$H$ is the pressure or head developed by the fan/pump, and
$P$ is the shaft power.

These laws assume that the pump/fan efficiency remains constant. In other words,

eta_1 = eta_2

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